>[!summary] Resistance is the collision of an electron with an atom, causing the atom to vibrate > **Key equations:** > Resistance inside a battery $V_{ab}=\epsilon-IR_{int}$ >[!info]+ Read Time **⏱ 2 mins** # Resistance Resistance is commonly denoted as $R$ is the collision of electrons onto atoms, which causes the atom to vibrate. By the [[Conservation of Energy|conservation of energy]] atom release this vibrational energy as heat or sound. Almost any component in a [[Circuits|circuit]] produces resistance. $ \text{Resistance $=R$} $ For example, [[Batteries|batteries]] have resistance, which is called internal resistance. They are described mathematically as ideal output - internal resistance by [[Ohm's Law]]. Which is represented as the [[Potential Difference|potential difference]] $V_{ab}=\epsilon-IR_{int}$ --- > 💡 Found this concept helpful? [Star Math & Matter on GitHub](https://github.com/rajeevphysics/Obsidian-MathMatter) to support more intuitive science breakdowns like this. ---