> [!summary]
A free variable is a variable in a reduced linear system that does not have its own leading 1.
>
**Key Equations:**
>
Free variable defined as:
$n\in \mathbb{R}$
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# Definition
A free variable is a variable in a system of [[Linear Equations|linear equations]] that, after row reduction, does not have its own [[Leading 1s|leading 1]]. Since a free variable does not have its own constraints, any value can be assigned to it. If $n$ is a free variable, it can represent any [[Real Numbers|real number]], formally defined below
$
n \in \mathbb{R}
$
# Examples
> [!example] Finding a free variable in a reduced linear system
>
Given the augmented matrix in [[Reduced Row Echelon Form|reduced row echelon form]]:
> $
\left[
\begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & 0 & \color{red}{2} & 3 \\
0 & 1 & \color{red}{-1} & 4 \\
0 & 0 & \color{red}{0} & 0 \\
\end{array}
\right]
> $
The red entries are a free variable since they do not have their own leading 1 in a reduced row echelon form.
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